山西鋼結構建筑中滲(shen)水的原因有哪些呢(ni)？怎么及時補救可以減少損(sun)失？

鋼結構屋面形式

鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)、墻面(mian)(mian)等(deng)圍(wei)護(hu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)，一(yi)般采用(yong)(yong)彩鋼(gang)(gang)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，其厚(hou)度一(yi)般在0.3~~1.0mm，彩鋼(gang)(gang)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是用(yong)(yong)鍍(du)鋅(xin)（或(huo)(huo)鍍(du)鋁鋅(xin)）等(deng)預(yu)涂(tu)(tu)彩色(se)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)軋(ya)制成(cheng)型(xing)，外表噴涂(tu)(tu)油漆層(ceng)。對(dui)(dui)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)有(you)保(bao)溫(wen)、隔熱、隔音效(xiao)果的(de)建筑(zhu)物(wu)，可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)雙層(ceng)彩鋼(gang)(gang)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，中(zhong)間填(tian)充保(bao)溫(wen)材(cai)料(liao)（如玻(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)、巖棉(mian)、泡沫等(deng)）；填(tian)充材(cai)料(liao)可(ke)以在現場填(tian)充，也可(ke)以與(yu)彩鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)工廠預(yu)復(fu)合成(cheng)型(xing)（稱為(wei)彩鋼(gang)(gang)夾(jia)(jia)芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)）。建筑(zhu)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)作(zuo)為(wei)建筑(zhu)物(wu)頂(ding)(ding)層(ceng)的(de)承重(zhong)(zhong)和(he)外圍(wei)護(hu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)，它(ta)的(de)圍(wei)護(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)和(he)立面(mian)(mian)造型(xing)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)對(dui)(dui)整個建筑(zhu)而關(guan)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)，是輕型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)圍(wei)護(hu)系統漏水主要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)部位(wei)。其主要(yao)(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是能抵抗風、雨、雪的(de)侵(qin)襲及太陽的(de)輻射(she)，并承受(shou)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)自重(zhong)(zhong)和(he)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)上(shang)的(de)風、雪以及上(shang)人(ren)的(de)荷載。輕型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)根據(ju)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)材(cai)料(liao)大致(zhi)有(you)彩色(se)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、彩色(se)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)夾(jia)(jia)芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、多彩油氈瓦(wa)、各(ge)種輕質屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、GRC板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、金(jin)屬拱形波紋屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)、復(fu)合壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)多種類型(xing)。輕型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)及墻面(mian)(mian)材(cai)料(liao)，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)彩色(se)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或(huo)(huo)夾(jia)(jia)芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。筆(bi)者所(suo)監理的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)工程工程中(zhong)，屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)材(cai)料(liao)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)成(cheng)品玻(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)夾(jia)(jia)芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或(huo)(huo)彩色(se)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)規(gui)格(ge)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)YX173—300—600、YX130—275—550、YX70—200—600、YX38—175—700、YX21—180—900等(deng)28種板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)型(xing)，在上(shang)述規(gui)格(ge)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)中(zhong)，既有(you)360°卷(juan)邊(bian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、暗(an)扣板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)搭接(jie)連(lian)接(jie)，也有(you)打(da)釘板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，檁條為(wei)自重(zhong)(zhong)較輕的(de)薄壁C型(xing)或(huo)(huo)Z型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)檁條，屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)坡度設計(ji)一(yi)般為(wei)1／10～1／15。

2、屋(wu)面板的連接

鋼結構體系建筑屋面板(ban)(ban)，在屋面上有(you)長向連接(jie)和(he)側向連接(jie)2種。長向連接(jie)主要是搭接(jie)，即上坡板(ban)(ban)壓(ya)下(xia)坡板(ban)(ban)，搭接(jie)處設置防(fang)水密封膠加固定(ding)壓(ya)條，而側向連接(jie)的方式，目前主要有(you)以下(xia)3種：

1）搭接(jie)連(lian)接(jie)把壓型鋼板搭接(jie)邊重疊，并(bing)用各種螺(luo)栓、鉚釘(ding)(ding)或自攻螺(luo)釘(ding)(ding)等連(lian)成整體(ti)。該連(lian)接(jie)又分為帶(dai)密封膠(jiao)槽與不帶(dai)密封膠(jiao)槽2種，屋面螺(luo)釘(ding)(ding)外露，波(bo)峰均比較低。

2）暗(an)扣式(shi)連(lian)接(jie)固(gu)定支座利(li)用平頭(tou)自攻螺(luo)(luo)釘固(gu)定在屋面(mian)檁條(tiao)上，再(zai)將壓型屋面(mian)板與(yu)固(gu)定支座扣合。屋面(mian)無螺(luo)(luo)釘外露，但由于與(yu)檁條(tiao)直(zhi)接(jie)用螺(luo)(luo)釘連(lian)接(jie)而無法控制熱脹冷縮的變(bian)形。

3）咬合暗扣式(shi)連接(jie)，這(zhe)是比較的屋(wu)面板(ban)連接(jie)方式(shi)，屋(wu)面系統(tong)通過滑動支架來固定屋(wu)面板(ban)，既有(you)利于屋(wu)面防水和(he)保持屋(wu)面的整體性，又(you)能有(you)效地控(kong)制因熱脹(zhang)冷縮引起(qi)的變形(xing)，該連接(jie)形(xing)式(shi)分180。和(he)360。兩(liang)種。